性能测试工具ApacheBench

ApacheBench简介

ApacheBench 是一个用来衡量http服务器性能的单线程命令行工具。原本针对Apache http服务器,但是也适用于其他http服务器。

ab工具与标准 Apache源码一起发布,免费,开源,基于Apache License

ApacheBench安装

ubuntu 执行“apt-get install apache2-utils“即可。

ApacheBench快速入门

发送1000个http get请求到[http://192.168.10.232:8000/blog,并发为10]:

$ ab -n1000 -c10 http://localhost/This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1706008 $>Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/Benchmarking localhost (be patient)Completed 100 requestsCompleted 200 requestsCompleted 300 requestsCompleted 400 requestsCompleted 500 requestsCompleted 600 requestsCompleted 700 requestsCompleted 800 requestsCompleted 900 requestsCompleted 1000 requestsFinished 1000 requestsServer Software:        nginx/1.10.3Server Hostname:        localhostServer Port:            80Document Path:          /Document Length:        11321 bytesConcurrency Level:      10Time taken for tests:   0.066 secondsComplete requests:      1000Failed requests:        0Total transferred:      11566000 bytesHTML transferred:       11321000 bytesRequests per second:    15207.74 [#/sec] (mean)Time per request:       0.658 [ms] (mean)Time per request:       0.066 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)Transfer rate:          171770.21 [Kbytes/sec] receivedConnection Times (ms)              min  mean[+/-sd] median   maxConnect:        0    0   0.1      0       0Processing:     0    0   0.1      0       1Waiting:        0    0   0.2      0       1Total:          0    1   0.1      1       1Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)  50%      1  66%      1  75%      1  80%      1  90%      1  95%      1  98%      1  99%      1 100%      1 (longest request)

注意Time per request: 0.658 [ms] (mean)是平均每批请求的完成时间,这里时10个请求完成的时间。Time per request: 0.066 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)是平均每个请求的完成时间。

ApacheBench将只使用一个操作系统线程。很多情况下ApacheBench本身是瓶颈。当在硬件具有多个处理器核心使用ApacheBench,建议一个cpu核执行一个ab线程,但是现在cpu核数很多的情况下,比如48核,手工执行48个命令也是个体力活。

整体来说ab因为不能利用到多核、不能进行参数化、不支持http和https以外的协议等原因,只适合单个组件的粗略测试,比如Apache http。不合适业务级别的测试,如一旦后台有数据库等,ab的测试是几乎没有意义的。

ApacheBench参考

  • 命令行帮助
  $ ab -h  Usage: ab [options] [http[s]://]hostname[:port]/path  Options are:      -n requests     Number of requests to perform    -c concurrency  Number of multiple requests to make at a time    -t timelimit    Seconds to max. to spend on benchmarking                      This implies -n 50000      -s timeout      Seconds to max. wait for each response                      Default is 30 seconds    -b windowsize   Size of TCP send/receive buffer, in bytes      -B address      Address to bind to when making outgoing connections    -p postfile     File containing data to POST. Remember also to set -T    -u putfile      File containing data to PUT. Remember also to set -T    -T content-type Content-type header to use for POST/PUT data, eg.                      'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'                      Default is 'text/plain'      -v verbosity    How much troubleshooting info to print      -w              Print out results in HTML tables    -i              Use HEAD instead of GET    -x attributes   String to insert as table attributes    -y attributes   String to insert as tr attributes    -z attributes   String to insert as td or th attributes    -C attribute    Add cookie, eg. 'Apache=1234'. (repeatable)      -H attribute    Add Arbitrary header line, eg. 'Accept-Encoding: gzip'                      Inserted after all normal header lines. (repeatable)      -A attribute    Add Basic WWW Authentication, the attributes                      are a colon separated username and password.      -P attribute    Add Basic Proxy Authentication, the attributes                      are a colon separated username and password.      -X proxy:port   Proxyserver and port number to use    -V              Print version number and exit      -k              Use HTTP KeepAlive feature    -d              Do not show percentiles served table.      -S              Do not show confidence estimators and warnings.      -q              Do not show progress when doing more than 150 requests    -l              Accept variable document length (use this for dynamic pages)      -g filename     Output collected data to gnuplot format file.      -e filename     Output CSV file with percentages served    -r              Don't exit on socket receive errors.      -h              Display usage information (this message)      -Z ciphersuite  Specify SSL/TLS cipher suite (See openssl ciphers)      -f protocol     Specify SSL/TLS protocol                    (SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2 or ALL
  • 语法:
ab [ -A auth-username:password ] [ -b windowsize ] [ -c concurrency ] [ -C cookie-name=value ] [ -d ] [ -e csv-file ] [ -f protocol ] [ -g gnuplot-file ] [ -h ] [ -H custom-header ] [ -i ] [ -k ] [ -n requests ] [ -p POST-file ] [ -P proxy-auth-username:password ] [ -q ] [ -r ] [ -s ] [ -S ] [ -t timelimit ] [ -T content-type ] [ -u PUT-file ] [ -v verbosity] [ -V ] [ -w ] [ -x <table>-attributes ] [ -X proxy[:port] ] [ -y <tr>-attributes ] [ -z <td>-attributes ] [ -Z ciphersuite ] [http[s]://]hostname[:port]/path
  • 命令行选项
-A auth-username:password    向服务器提供基本认证信息。用户名和密码之间":"分割,以base64编码形式发送。无论服务器是否需要(即是否发送了401)都发送。 -b windowsize    TCP发送/接收缓冲区大小,以字节为单位。-c concurrency    并发数,默认为1。-C cookie-name=value    添加Cookie。典型形式是name=value对。name参数可以重复。 -d不显示"percentage served within XX [ms] table"消息(兼容以前的版本)。 -e csv-file    输出百分率和对应的时间,格式为逗号份额的csv。由于这种格式已经"二进制化",所以比"gnuplot"格式更有用。-f protocol    SSL/TLS protocol (SSL2, SSL3, TLS1, 或ALL).-g gnuplot-file    把所有测试结果写入"gnuplot"或者TSV(以Tab分隔)文件。该文件可以方便地导入到Gnuplot, IDL, Mathematica甚至Excel中,第一行为标题。-h    显示使用方法。-H custom-header    附加额外头信息。典型形式有效的头信息行,包含冒号分隔的字段和值(如:"Accept-Encoding: zip/zop;8bit")。-i    执行HEAD请求,而不是GET 。-k    启用KeepAlive功能,即在HTTP会话中执行多个请求。默认关闭。-n requests    会话执行的请求数。默认为1。 -p POST-file    附加包含POST数据的文件。注意和-T一起使用。-P proxy-auth-username:password    代理认证。用户名和密码之间":"分割,以base64编码形式发送。无论服务器是否需要(即是否发送了407)都发送。-q    quiet,静默模式。不在stderr输出进度条。-r    套接字接收错误时不退出。-s timeout     超时,默认为30秒。-S    不显示中值和标准偏差值,而且在均值和中值为标准偏差值的1到2倍时,也不显示警告或出错信息。默认显示最小值/均值/最大值。(兼容以前的版本)-t timelimit    测试进行的最大秒数。内部隐含值是"-n 50000"。默认没有时间限制。-T content-type    POST/PUT的"Content-type"头信息。比如“application/x-www-form-urlencoded”,默认“text/plain”。-v verbosity    详细模式,4以上会显示头信息,3以上显示响应代码(404,200等),2以上显示告警和info。-V    显示版本号并退出。-w    以HTML表格形式输出。默认是白色背景的两列。-x <table>-attributes    设置<table>属性。此属性填入<table 这里 > 。-X proxy[:port]    使用代理服务器。-y <tr>-attributes    设置<tr>属性。-z <td>-attributes    设置<td>属性。 -Z ciphersuite    设置SSL/TLS加密
  • 结果分析字段
Server Software    返回的第一次成功的服务器响应的HTTP头。Server Hostname    命令行中给出的域名或IP地址Server Port    命令行中给出端口。如果没有80(HTTP)和443(HTTPS)。SSL/TLS Protocol    使用SSL打印。Document Path    命令行请求的路径。Document Length    第一次成功地返回文档的字节大小。后面接受的文档长度变化时,会认为是错误。Concurrency Level    并发数Time taken for tests    测试耗时Complete requests    收到成功响应数Failed requests    失败请求数。如果有会打印错误原因Write errors   写错误数 (broken pipe)Non-2xx responses    非2**响应数量。如果有打印。Keep-Alive requests    Keep-Alive请求的连接数Total body sent:    传输的body的数据量,比如POST的数据。Total transferred:    总传输数据量HTML transferred:           累计html传输数据量Time per request:          每批平均请求时间Time per request:     每次平均请求时间。计算公式:Time per request/Concurrency Level。Transfer rate    数据传输速率。计算公式:otalread / 1024 / timetaken。

参考资料

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文章标题:性能测试工具ApacheBench
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